Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 32
Filter
1.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 22: e236637, Jan.-Dec. 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1424811

ABSTRACT

Xerostomia is defined as the perception of dry mouth, and dysgeusia, as a change in taste. Both are common complaints in the elderly, especially among those making use of polypharmacy drug combinations. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of xerostomia and dysgeusia and to investigate their association with polypharmacy in the elderly. Methods: older people under follow-up at the Multidisciplinary Elderly Center of the University Hospital of Brasília were interviewed and asked about health problems, medications used, presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of the symptoms surveyed. The chi-square test was used to investigate the relationship between xerostomia and dysgeusia and polypharmacy. Secondary associations were performed using binomial logistic regression. Results: Ninety-six older people were evaluated and of these, 62.5% had xerostomia and 21.1%, had dysgeusia. The average number of medications used was 4±3 medications per individual. Polypharmacy was associated with xerostomia but not dysgeusia. It was possible to associate xerostomia with the use of antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: Xerostomia was a frequent complaint among elderly people making use of polypharmacy, especially those using antihypertensives. Antihypertensives and antidepressants were used most drugs by the elderly and exhibited interactions with drugs most prescribed in Dentistry. Two contraindications were found between fluconazole and mirtazapine; and between erythromycin and simvastatin


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Xerostomia/epidemiology , Dental Care for Aged , Polypharmacy , Drug Interactions , Dysgeusia/epidemiology
2.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 51(1): 29-54, jan.-mar., 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-980777

ABSTRACT

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal nos 32 centros participantes da Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica (RNPC). Objetivos: Desenvolver e validar um questionário eletrônico capaz de medir o desempenho dos centros participantes da RNPC em uma auditoria de qualidade baseada nas Boas Práticas Clínicas (BPC). Avaliar a correlação do instrumento com o guia de inspeção em BPC disposto na Instrução Normativa nº 4, de 11/05/09 da ANVISA (IN4/ANVISA) e verificar, por meio do questionário desenvolvido, o desempenho dos centros participantes da RNPC, em relação ao atendimento a requisitos de um sistema de gestão da qualidade (SGQ). Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico, legitimado por uma validação de conteúdo. As questões foram agrupadas em três domínios, infraestrutura, estrutura organizacional e processos. Os dados foram pontuados de acordo com o cumprimento (1) ou não cumprimento (0) em BPC. As questões do questionário foram arbitrariamente correlacionadas aos itens da IN4, atribuído (0) ponto às questões conformes e (1) para não conforme. O índice de cumprimento para atendimento aos itens críticos e maiores (ICCM) foi calculado para cada domínio usando a equação ICCM = 1 * (Escore IN4) + valor total escore para dado domínio. As comparações foram feitas por teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Spermann, considerando P valor < 0,05. Resultados: O instrumento representa aproximadamente 40% dos itens do roteiro de inspeção da IN4/ANVISA. A pontuação obtida com o questionário correlaciona-se significativamente ao escore correspondente à IN4/ANVISA (r=0,95, 0,89 a 0,98, IC95%, P<0.0001). A mediana do ICCM foi menor que 75% em todos os domínios estudados. Conclusões: O instrumento desenvolvido para medir o desempenho em BPC apresenta alta correlação com a IN4/ANVISA e poderia ser utilizado para auditoria interna de qualidade. A classificação para itens críticos e maiores definidas pela IN4/ANVISA mostrou-se muito restritiva e necessita ser adequada a realidade dos centros de pesquisa nacionais. (AU)


Study design: A transversal study that evaluated 32 Clinical research centers (CRC) of the National Clinical Research Network (Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica/RNPC). Objectives: To develop and validate an electronic questionnaire to measure how CRC that are part of the RNPC performed in a quality audit based in Good Clinical Practice, to evaluate the correlation between our instrument and IN4/ANVISA guide and to access the quality of the CRC. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was applied and validated by contend valid index. The questions were divided into tree domains, infrastructure (I), organization structure (OS) and process (P). Data were scored according compliance (1) or non-compliance (0) with GCP. The questions of our questionnaires where arbitrary related to IN4/ANVISA guide and scored as non-conformity (1) or conformity (0). The indexes of compliance in critical and major items (ICCM) were calculated using the equation: ICCM = 1 * (IN4 score) + total score for the domain. The correlation of the two measurements above was done using Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman rank method, considering P <0.05. Results: The questionnaire represents about 40% of the IN$/ANVISA document. The score obtained with the questionnaire had a significant correlation to IN4/ ANVISA score (r=0.95, 0.89 to 0.98, CI95%, P<0.0001). The median ICCM was less than 75% for all domain studied. Conclusion: The instrument designed to measure performance GCP showed high correlation with IN4/ ANVISA guide and could be used to perform the internal quality audit of a CRC. The IN4/ANVISA guide showed to be very strict and might be necessary to review it and adequate to the reality of nationals centers. (AU)


Subject(s)
Total Quality Management , Academies and Institutes , Brazil
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 109(2): 117-123, Aug. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887909

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The diterpene Sclareol has antimicrobial action, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects and anti-tumor activities. However, researches on the cardiovascular system are scarce. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the Sclareol cardiovascular effect in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: The arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats. The effect of sclareol on blood pressure was performed by using three dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). Cumulative dose-response curves for Sclareol were determined for endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings in presence or absence of L-NAME and ODQ. The NOx levels were measure in the plasma sample. Results: The Sclareol administration in vivo caused a significant reduction in blood pressure in both groups. In vitro the sclareol promoted relaxation in aorta, with endothelium, pre-contracted to Phe. The inhibitors of the nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase were as efficient as the removal of endothelium, in inhibiting the Sclareol-induced relaxation. Otherwise, it was no change of NOx. Also, for unknown reasons, the Sclareol is not selective for hypertensive animals. Conclusion: The diterpene Sclareol showed in vivo hypotensive and in-vitro vasodilator effects; The chemiluminescence plasmatic NO analysis showed no significant difference between groups and The Sclareol exhibit better effect on normotensive than hypertensive animals to reduce blood pressure. It is concluded that the diterpenes metabolites would be a promising source prototype for the development of new agents in the cardiovascular therapy.


Resumo Fundamento: O diterpeno Esclareol tem ação antimicrobiana, efeitos citotóxicos e citostáticos e atividades antitumorais. No entanto, pesquisas sobre o sistema cardiovascular são escassas. Objetivo: Este estudo foi desenvolvido para investigar os mecanismos envolvidos no efeito cardiovascular de Esclareol em ratos normotensos e hipertensos. Métodos: A hipertensão arterial foi promovida utilizando modelo de 2 clones de 1-clipe em ratos. O efeito do esclareol sobre a pressão arterial foi realizado utilizando três doses (10, 20 e 40 mg/kg). As curvas dose-resposta cumulativas para Esclareol foram determinadas para anéis aórticos endotélio-intactos e desprovidos de endotélio na presença ou ausência de L-NAME e ODQ. Os níveis de NOx foram medidos na amostra de plasma. Resultados: A administração de Esclareol in vivo causou uma redução significativa na pressão sanguínea em ambos os grupos. In vitro o esclareol promoveu relaxamento na aorta, com endotélio, pré-contraído a Phe. Os inibidores da óxido nítrico sintase e da guanilato ciclase solúvel foram tão eficientes quanto a remoção do endotélio, na inibição do relaxamento induzido por Esclareol. Por outra parte, não houve mudança de NOx. Além disso, por razões desconhecidas, o Sclareol não é seletivo para animais hipertensos. Conclusão: O diterpeno Esclareol apresentou efeitos hipotensores in vivo e vasodilatadores in vitro; A análise de NO plasmático por quimioluminescência não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos e O Esclareol exibe melhor efeito sobre os animais normotensos do que hipertensos para reduzir a pressão arterial. Conclui-se que os metabólitos de diterpenos seriam um protótipo de fonte promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes na terapia cardiovascular.

5.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 37(2): e54476, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-782966

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Refletir sobre os problemas enfrentados pelos pesquisadores de diferentes áreas, sobretudo de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, durante o processo de avaliação dos projetos de pesquisa pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa no Brasil. Método Estudo teórico-reflexivo, baseado na literatura científica e análise crítica dos autores. Resultados Embora a Resolução 466/2012, que trata de pesquisas com seres humanos, apresente inovações de conteúdo, ainda permanecem obscuras questões relacionadas aos participantes de pesquisa, além do moroso processo de avaliação dos projetos. Conclusão Dificuldades enfrentadas por pesquisadores, principalmente de áreas como Ciências Humanas e Sociais, precisam ser transpostas para que as diretrizes éticas se tornem aplicáveis, tanto em termos de princípios quanto de procedimentos, às distintas tradições de pesquisas. É premente que as normas regulamentadoras de investigações com seres humanos sejam gerenciadas por sistema com capacidade operacional satisfatória, considerando as especificidades das diferentes áreas do conhecimento.


RESUMEN Objetivo Reflexionar sobre los problemas que enfrentan los investigadores de diferentes áreas, especialmente de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales durante el proceso de evaluación de los proyectos de investigación por parte de los Comités Éticos de Investigación en Brasil. Método Estudio teórico y reflexivo basado en la literatura y análisis crítico de los autores. Resultados Aunque la Resolución 466/2012, presente innovaciones de contenido, siguen oscuras algunas cuestiones relacionadas con los participantes de investigación, además del largo proceso de evaluación de proyectos. Conclusión Las dificultades que enfrentan los investigadores, especialmente de áreas como Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, necesitan ser incorporadas donde las normas éticas sean aplicables, en términos de principios y de procedimientos, a las tradiciones distintas de investigación. Es urgente que los estándares apropiados de investigación con seres humanos sean administrados por sistema con capacidad operativa satisfactoria, teniendo en cuenta las especificidades de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento.


ABSTRACT Objective To reflect on the problems faced by researchers from different areas, especially of Humanities and Social Sciences, when submitting research projects for evaluation by the research ethics committees in Brazil. Method A theoretical and reflective study based on international literature and the critical analysis of the authors. Results Although Resolution 466/2012, which addresses human research, contains some innovations, issues related to the research participants remain obscure and the project evaluation process is time-consuming. Conclusion The difficulties faced by researchers, especially in the fields of Humanities and Social Sciences, must be transposed to ensure that the ethical guidelines are applicable, in terms of principles and procedures, to the different research traditions. Appropriate human research standards must be managed by a system with a satisfactory operational capacity, according to the specificities of the different areas of knowledge.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design/standards , Ethics Committees, Research/standards , Human Experimentation/standards , Research Design/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Sciences , Brazil , Risk , Guideline Adherence , Culture , Human Experimentation/legislation & jurisprudence , Humanities , Models, Theoretical
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 90(3): 347-350, May-Jun/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749663

ABSTRACT

Abstract BACKGROUND: Currently, the cosmetic industry is overwhelmed in keeping up with the safety assessment of the increasing number of new products entering the market. To meet such demand, research centers have explored alternative methods to animal testing and also the large number of volunteers necessary for preclinical and clinical tests. OBJECTIVES: This work describes the human skin ex-vivo model (hOSEC: Human Organotypic Skin Explant Culture) as an alternative to test the effectiveness of cosmetics and demonstrate its viability through cutaneous keratinocytes' proliferative capacity up to 75 days in culture. METHODS: The skin explants obtained from surgeries were cultured in CO2-humid incubator. After 1, 7, 30 and 75 days in culture, skin fragments were harvested for analysis with histomorphological exam (HE staining) on all days of follow-up and immunohistochemistry for Ck5/6, Ck10 and Ki-67 only on the 75th day. RESULTS: On the 7th day, the epidermis was perfect in the dermoepidermal junction, showing the viability of the model. On the 30th day, the epidermis was thicker, with fewer layers on the stratum corneum, although the cutaneous structure was unaltered. On the 75th day, the skin became thinner but the dermoepidermal junctions were preserved and epidermal proliferation was maintained. After the 75th day on culture, the skin was similar to normal skin, expressing keratinocytes with Ck5/6 on supra-basal layers; Ck10 on differentiated layers; and viability could be assessed by the positivity of basal cells by Ki-67. CONCLUSION: The hOSEC model seems a good alternative to animal testing; it can be used as a preclinical test analogous to clinical human skin test with similar effectiveness and viability proven by immunohistological analyses. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Keratinocytes/cytology , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Skin/cytology , Sunscreening Agents/toxicity , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Feasibility Studies , Immunohistochemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Skin Tests/methods , Time Factors
7.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 48(1): 8-18, jan.-fev. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-750152

ABSTRACT

As Avaliações de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS) no mundo todo, predominantemente tem sido focadas em medicamentos, dispositivos médicos terapêuticos e procedimentos, sobretudo, os cirúrgicos. Apesar de sua inquestionável importância na história natural de um grande número de doenças e do impacto econômico associado ao seu uso, os testes e exames diagnósticos (TED), considerando-se suas qualidade se consequentemente a acurácia dos mesmos, tem sido pouco avaliados no contexto da ATS. Há nítida escassez de estudos que avaliam os TED tanto do ponto de vista clínico e de segurança para o paciente, quanto do econômico. O propósito desse artigo é apresentar e discutir os conceitos inerentes ao uso dos TED, as abordagens para seu emprego, as metodologias de avaliação de suas propriedades e acurácia,bem como a interpretação de resultados dos TED, sejam eles realizados individualmente, ou sob a forma de síntese de estudos de acurácia. Espera-se que esse texto possa contribuir para melhor compreensão das especificidades encontradas nos estudos dos TED e estimular sua inclusão nas ATS...


The Health Technology Assessments (HTA) worldwide has been predominantly focused on drugs, medical devices and therapeutic procedures, above all, the surgeries. Despite its unquestionable importance in the natural history of a large number of diseases and of the economic impact associated with its use, the diagnostic exam and tests (DET), considering their qualities and hence the accuracy there of, has been not evaluated in the context of the HTA. There is a clear shortage of studies that evaluate the DET, both clinician and patient safety, and economical. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the concepts inherent in the use of DET, the approaches to your employ, the methodologies of evaluation of their properties and accuracy, as well as the interpretation of results DET studies, whether performed individually or in the form of synthesis of studies of accuracy. It is hoped that this text may contribute to better understanding of the specifics found in studies of DET and encourage their inclusion in the HTA. I...


Subject(s)
Humans , Mass Screening , Biomedical Technology , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Decision Making
8.
J. appl. oral sci ; 22(3): 204-208, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-711716

ABSTRACT

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate changes in prescribing pattern of Dentistry students throughout academic course. Methods: A case of non-complicated dental extraction was presented to all students that had completed their pharmacology coursework (from 4th semester to the last semester). The students were grouped according to year of study and were asked to prescribe paracetamol for pain control. A maximal score of 5 points was calculated from three subscores for identification of professional and patient (1.0 point), drug concentration, dosage, and quantity (1.5 points); and drug information, instructions, and warnings (2.5 points). The data were expressed as medians [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] and were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test. A p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. A total of 92 students participated the study (2nd year, N=12; 3rd year, N=32; 4th year, N=28; 5th year, N=20). Results: The quality of prescription showed improvement between 2nd-year students [2.0 (1.5-2.5)] and 4th-year students [3.2 (2.9-3.5), p<0.05]; 4th- and 5th-year students [3.6 (3.5-3.8)] performed similarly. Lack of information about pharmacological treatment, side effects, and administration route were the major deficiencies observed. Conclusion: Although Dentistry students present a general improvement in their prescribing performance, deficiencies remain even in advanced students. The data suggest that the teaching of good prescription practices should extend throughout the later phases of preprofessional dental education. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Young Adult , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Education, Dental/standards , Students, Dental , Acetaminophen/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/administration & dosage , Brazil , Clinical Competence , Quality Control , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
9.
Cad. saúde pública ; 29(supl.1): s179-s186, Nov. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690748

ABSTRACT

As transições demográfica e epidemiológica tendem a fazer os hospitais cada vez mais necessários à assistência médica. Neles, as tecnologias eficazes, custo-efetivas e seguras, garantem melhor qualidade assistencial e maior sobrevida aos usuários. Assim, a avaliação dessas tecnologias baseada em hospital é prática aconselhável, o que se verifica em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo de avaliação e incorporação de tecnologia em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade. Trata-se de uma descrição de métodos/processos avaliativos que podem ser facilmente adotados por qualquer unidade hospitalar independentemente de sua natureza. Observou-se que o modelo adotado tem possibilitado a adequada avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS), legitimando as decisões de incorporação pelo gestor, com boa aceitação e aderência do corpo clínico. Assim, a ATS em hospital, por empregar processos bem estruturados, consensuais e com apoio da gestão institucional, pode ser uma ferramenta poderosa para disseminação e valorização da cultura de se avaliarem tecnologias em saúde.


The demographic and epidemiological transitions tend to increase the role of hospitals in medical care. Within such organizations, effective, safe, and cost-effective health technologies ensure better quality of care and increase users' survival, thus emphasizing the importance of evaluation of such hospital-based technologies. This article aims to present a model for the evaluation and incorporation of technology in a teaching hospital that provides high-complexity care. The article describes an approach to methods/processes assessment that can be used easily by any hospital. The model allowed proper health technology assessment (HTA), thereby legitimizing decisions on technology incorporation by the hospital administration with high levels of acceptance and adoption by the clinical staff, suggesting that hospital-based HTA (provided that it is well-structured, with the support of institutional administration) can be a powerful tool for dissemination and valorization of HTA culture in an environment with the widest use and the greatest impact on the health system's budget.


Las transiciones demográficas y epidemiológicas tienden a convertir a los hospitales en servicios cada vez más necesarios. En ellos las tecnologías eficaces, rentables y seguras, garantizan una mejor calidad de atención y una supervivencia más amplia a los usuarios, por lo que se aconseja evaluar, basándose en la práctica hospitalaria, los recursos existentes alrededor del mundo. El propósito de este artículo es presentar un mode-lo de evaluación e incorporación de tecnología en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad. Esta es una descripción de métodos/procesos de evaluación que pueden ser utilizados por cualquier unidad hospitalaria independientemente de su naturaleza. Se observó que el modelo adoptado ha permitido la evaluación de la tecnología de salud, ha legitimado las decisiones de su incorporación por parte del administrador, con una buena aceptación y adhesión del personal clínico, indicando que la evaluación de tecnologías en salud (ETS) en un hospital, empleando procesos bien estructurados, de consenso y con el apoyo de la gestión institucional, puede ser una poderosa herramienta para la difusión y valorización de la cultura en ETS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Decision Making , Hospitals, University , Technology Assessment, Biomedical/methods , Brazil
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 101(4): 344-351, out. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690571

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: O papel do estresse oxidativo em pacientes idosos hipertensos com síndrome de apneia-hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) é desconhecido. Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar os níveis de Big Endotelina-1 (Big ET-1) e Óxido Nítrico (NO) em pacientes idosos hipertensos com e sem SAHOS moderada a grave. MÉTODOS: Os voluntários permaneceram internados durante 24 horas. Obtivemos os seguintes dados: índice de massa corporal (IMC), Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA) - 24 horas, e medicação atual. Sangue arterial foi coletado às 7:00 h e às 19:00 h para determinar níveis plasmáticos de NO e Big ET-1. A oximetria de pulso foi realizada durante o sono. A correlação de Pearson, Spearman e análise de variância univariada foram utilizadas para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 25 sujeitos com SAHOS (grupo 1) e 12 sem SAHOS (grupo 2), com idades de 67,0 ± 6,5 anos, 67,8 ± 6,8 anos, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em IMC; no número de horas de sono; PA diastólica e sistólica em 24 h; PA de vigília; PA no sono; ou medicamentos usados para controlar a PA. Não foram detectadas diferenças nos níveis de NO e Big ET-1 plasmáticos às 19:00 h, mas às 7:00 h os níveis de de Big ET-1 foram mais altos (p = 0,03). No grupo 1, correlação negativa também foi observada entre a saturação de oxihemoglobina arterial média e a PA sistólica - 24 horas (p = 0,03, r = -0,44), e Big ET-1 (p = 0,04, r = 0,41). CONCLUSÕES: Na comparação entre idosos hipertensos com e sem SAHOS com PA e IMC semelhantes, observou-se níveis mais elevados de Big ET-1 após o sono no grupo SAHOS. Os níveis de NO não diferiram entre os pacientes hipertensos com ou sem SAHOS.


BACKGROUND: The role of oxidative stress in hypertensive elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate the levels of big endothelin-1 (Big ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in elderly hypertensive patients with and without moderate to severe OSAHS. METHODS: Volunteers were hospitalized for 24 h. We obtained the following data: body mass index (BMI); 24-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; and current medication. Arterial blood was collected at 7pm and 7am for determining plasma NO and Big ET-1 levels. Pulse oximetry was performed during sleep. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation and univariate analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We studied 25 subjects with OSAHS (group 1) and 12 without OSAHS (group 2) aged 67.0 ± 6.5 years and 67.8±6.8 years, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the groups in BMI; number of hours of sleep; 24-h systolic and diastolic BPs; awake BP, sleep BP and medications to control BP between groups. No differences were detected in plasma Big ET-1 and NO levels at 19:00 h, but plasma Big ET-1 levels at 7:00 h were higher in group 1 (p =0.03). In group 1, a negative correlation was also observed between the mean arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation level, 24-h systolic BP (p = 0.03, r = -0.44), and Big ET-1 (p = 0.04, r = -0.41). CONCLUSIONS: On comparing elderly hypertensive patients with and without OSAHS having similar BP and BMI, we observed higher Big ET-1 levels After sleep in the OSAHS group. NO levels did not differ between the hypertensive patients with or without OSAHS.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Endothelin-1/blood , Hypertension/blood , Nitric Oxide/blood , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/blood , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Body Mass Index , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Oximetry , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Time Factors
11.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 46(3): 256-272, jul./set. 2013. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-698220

ABSTRACT

Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é doença de alta prevalência e determinante de alta morbidade e mortalidade senão adequadamente diagnosticada e apropriadamente tratada. O diagnóstico depende da medida correta da pressão arterial (PA) utilizando-se atualmente métodos alternativos à medida convencional de consultório como a Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA) ou a Monitorização Residencial da Pressão Arterial (MRPA). Uma adequada estratificação do risco adicional ao valor da PA obtido é indispensável para uma planificação do tratamento e o alcance das metas desejadas para cada grupo de indivíduos. Manter os pacientes sob tratamento é necessário e desejável para que os benefícios auferidos com o tratamento, medicamentoso e não medicamentoso, sejam obtidos.


Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is a highly prevalent disease causing high morbidity and mortalityif not adequately diagnosed and properly treated.The diagnosis depends on a correct measurement of arterial blood pressure (ABP), with alternative methods to the conventional office measurement being currently used, such as Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) or Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM). An appropriate stratification of the additional risk besides the ABP value is essential for treatment planning and for achieving the desired goals for each group of individuals. It is necessary and desirable to maintain the patients under treatment in order to obtain the benefits derived from pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment.


Subject(s)
Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/therapy
12.
J. bras. nefrol ; 35(1): 27-34, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670913

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Some beneficial effects from long-term use of corticosteroids have been reported in patients with IgA nephropathy. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the outcome of proteinuria and renal function according to a protocol based on a 6-month course of steroid treatment. METHOD: Twelve patients were treated with 1 g/day intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 consecutive days at the beginning of months 1, 3, and 5 plus 0.5 mg/kg oral prednisone on alternate days for 6 months (treated group). The control group included 9 untreated patients. RESULTS: Proteinuria (median and 25th and 75th percentiles) at baseline in the treated group was 1861 mg/24h (1518; 2417 mg/24h) and was 703 mg/24h (245; 983) and 684 mg/24h (266; 1023) at the 6th (p < 0.05 vs. baseline) and 12th months (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), respectively. In the control group the proteinuria was 1900 mg/24h (1620; 3197) at baseline and was 2290 mg/24h (1500; 2975) and 1600 mg/24h (1180; 2395) at the 6th and 12th months, respectively (not significant vs. baseline). When compared with the control group, the treated group showed lower proteinuria (p < 0.05) during the follow-up and a higher number of patients in remission (p < 0.05) at the 6th and 12th months. Renal function did not change during the follow-up and the adverse effects were mild in most of the patients. CONCLUSION: The 6-month course of steroid treatment was effective in reducing proteinuria during the 12 months of the follow-up, and was well-tolerated by most of the patients.


INTRODUÇÃO: Tem sido sugerido que tratamento mais prolongado com corticosteroides pode ser benéfico em pacientes com nefropatia da IgA primária. OBJETIVO: Neste estudo retrospectivo avaliamos os efeitos na proteinúria e na função renal após 12 meses do protocolo baseado no uso por 6 meses de corticosteroides. MÉTODO: Doze pacientes receberam pulsos de 1 g/dia de metilprednisolona intravenosa por 3 dias consecutivos no início dos meses 1, 3 e 5, seguidos por prednisona (0,5 mg/kg) por via oral em dias alternados após cada pulso durante 6 meses (grupo tratado). O grupo controle foi composto por nove pacientes não tratados. RESULTADOS: A proteinúria (mg/24h; mediana; 25º; 75º percentis) no período basal no grupo tratado foi de 1861 (1518; 2417) e de 703 (245; 983) e de 684 (266; 1023) nos 6º (p < 0,05 vs. basal) e 12º (p < 0,05 vs. basal) meses, respectivamente. No grupo controle, a proteinúria foi de 1900 (1620; 3197) no período basal e de 2290 (1500; 2975) e de 1600 (1180; 2395) nos 6º e 12º meses, respectivamente (não significantes vs. basal). Comparado com o grupo controle, o grupo tratado teve menor proteinúria (p < 0,05) e número maior de pacientes em remissão (p < 0,05) nos 6º e 12º meses. A função renal não teve alteração significante e eventos adversos foram de pequena intensidade na maioria dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo terapêutico base-ado no uso por 6 meses de corticosteroides foi efetivo em reduzir a proteinúria durante os 12 meses de seguimento e foi bem tolerado pela maioria dos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Proteinuria/drug therapy , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/complications , Proteinuria/etiology , Retrospective Studies
13.
Clinics ; 66(5): 767-772, 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593838

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ambulatory blood pressure monitors have been used in salt loading and depletion protocols. However, the agreement between measurements made using ambulatory blood pressure monitors and those made with the sphygmomanometer has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the concordance of the two methods of blood pressure measurements in protocols of acute salt loading and depletion. METHOD: Systolic blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer at the completion of salt infusion (2 L NaCl 0.9 percent, 4 h) and salt depletion (furosemide, 120mg/day, p.o.) in 18 volunteers. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient (ρ), these readings were compared with the mean systolic blood pressure measured using the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device during the following periods: 4 h of saline infusion and 12 h of salt depletion; 4 h of saline infusion and the last 6 h of salt depletion; 12 h of salt loading and the last 6 h of depletion; 12 h of salt loading and 12 h of depletion. Salt sensitivity was defined by a difference in the systolic blood pressure between salt loading and salt depletion greater than 10 mmHg when measured with the sphygmomanometer, and the Kappa analysis of concordance (K) was used with a significance level of P<0.05. RESULTS: Only the blood pressure readings obtained using the ambulatory blood pressure device during 4 h of intravenous NaCl and during 12 h of salt depletion showed a high correlation with the variation in the systolic blood pressure measured by the sphygmomanometer, with a full agreement with the salt sensitivity classification (p = 0.71; P = 0.001 and K=1). CONCLUSION: In acute salt loading and depletion protocols, an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device should be used to record the blood pressure during the 4-h interval of salt infusion and 12-h interval of salt depletion.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Hypertension/diagnosis , Sphygmomanometers , Sodium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Aldosterone/blood , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Furosemide/administration & dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Renin/blood , Sodium/urine
14.
J. bras. nefrol ; 32(4): 385-392, out.-dez. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-571549

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Tem ocorrido aumento da população de idosos e estes vêm envelhecendo em melhores condições clínicas do que no passado. Entretanto, a distribuição e evolução das doenças renais nos idosos ainda são pouco conhecidas, em parte devido à resistência em indicar biópsia renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a distribuição, a evolução e as características clínicas das nefropatias diagnosticadas por biópsia em pacientes idosos. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas todas as biópsias renais percutâneas de rins nativos. Elas foram realizadas entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2006 em 71 pacientes com idade mínima de 60 anos (67,3 ± 6,5 anos), sendo 47 do gênero masculino e 24 do feminino. Os pacientes foram agrupados conforme a indicação clínica da biópsia. RESULTADOS: Síndrome nefrótica foi verificada em 35 pacientes (49,3 por cento) associada, na maioria dos casos, à nefropatia membranosa (17 casos), seguida por amiloidose e glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal com 7 casos cada. Hipótese diagnóstica de injúria renal aguda (IRA), com 19 pacientes, teve como principais diagnósticos a necrose tubular aguda (6 casos) e a nefropatia do cilindro (3 casos). Dentre os 19 casos, apenas dois tiveram evolução satisfatória, enquanto os demais morreram precocemente ou evoluíram para doença renal avançada. Doze pacientes biopsiados por hematúria ou proteinúria assintomática tiveram diagnósticos variados, mas a maioria já apresentava nefropatia crônica relevante. Biópsia por síndrome nefrítica ocorreu em 5 casos, também com diagnósticos variados. CONCLUSÕES: Síndrome nefrótica foi a principal indicação de biópsia renal com a nefropatia membranosa como diagnóstico mais frequente. Entre os pacientes com IRA e hematúria ou proteinúria assintomática os diagnósticos foram variados com elevadas taxas de nefropatia crônica avançada.


INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is growing and aging in better clinical conditions than in the past. However, the distribution and course of kidney diseases in elderly patients are not well known partially due to reluctance to indicate renal biopsies in those patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution, clinical features, and outcomes of nephropathies diagnosed by biopsy in the elderly. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventyone patients (47 males, 24 females) aged 60 years or older (67.3 ± 6.5 years), undergoing biopsy from January 1990 to December 2006, were evaluated. They were grouped according to their clinical syndromes. RESULTS: Nephrotic syndrome was observed in 35 patients (49.3 percent), mainly associated with membranous nephropathy (17 patients), followed by amyloidosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (seven patients each). Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed in 19 patients, and the main histopathological diagnoses were acute tubular necrosis (six patients) and cast nephropathy (three patients). Of those 19 patients, only two had a favorable course, while the others died early or progressed toward advanced chronic kidney disease. Twelve patients undergoing biopsy because of asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria had different diagnoses, but most of them already had significant chronic nephropathy. In five patients with nephritic syndrome, the biopsies also showed several diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for renal biopsy, and membranous nephropathy was the most frequent diagnosis. Among patients with AKI and asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria, different diagnoses were found with high levels of advanced chronic nephropathy.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Biopsy, Needle , Retrospective Studies
16.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 16(3): 150-157, jul.-set. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541046

ABSTRACT

A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é um distúrbio muito frequente da respiração no sono, de etiologia ainda desconhecida. Fatores anatomo estruturais e neuromusculares que constringem a faringe são essenciais para o desenvolvimento de apneias obstrutivas do sono. Os efeitos da oclusão intermitente das vias aéreas superiores incluem esforços inspiratórios ineficazes, pausas ventilatórias, altas pressões negativas intratorácicas, alterações dos gases arteriais e estimulação de quimiorreceptores e barorreceptores, todos levando a despertares frequentes, aumento da atividade nervosa simpática muscular e resposta cardiovascular adversa. Esses despertares prejudicam a arquitetura do sono e causam hipersonolência diurna e diversos sintomas cognitivos. A hipoxia e a hipercapnia alveolar e arterial crônicas podem também levar à hipertensão vascular pulmonar com repercussões em ambos os ventrículos. Os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de AOS são: obesidade, sexo masculino e envelhecimento. Os efeitos a longo prazos se fazem principalmente no sistema cardiovascular.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder of upper airway during sleep of unknown cause. Structural anatomic and neuromuscular factors that constrict the pharynx and its lumen are crucial to the development of OSA. The effects of intermittent upper airway obstruction include ineffective inspiratory effort, ventilatory pauses, increased negative intrathoracic pressure, altered arterial blood gases and stimulation of chemorreceptors and barorrecptors, all leading to frequent arousals, increased sympathetic nerve activity to muscle and cardiovascular adverse behavior. These arousals disturb sleep architecture and cause day time hypersomnolence and several cognitive symptoms. Chronic intermittent alveolar and systemic arterial hypoxia-hypercapnia can also cause pulmonary hypertension, which may affect both the right and left ventricles. Obesity, male gender and aging represent major risk factors. Long-term effects are mainly on cardiovascular system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Risk Factors
20.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 15(4): 201-205, out.-dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512874

ABSTRACT

A hipertensão mascarada (HM) caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de pressão arterial (PA) de consultório normal, porém persistentemente elevada quando observada pela monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) ou por meio da medida residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA). Apresenta prevalência entre 8% e 23%, ou até mais elevada em indivíduos hipertensos e com PA controlada. Está relacionada à maior lesão em órgãos-alvo e a eventos cardiovasculares se comparada a indivíduos normotensos(NT), com risco relativo (RR) ao redor de dois nas principais metanálises. Fatores como idade, sexo, IMC, estresse, tabagismo ou abuso de álcool estão freqüentemente relacionados à presença de HM. Ainda é matéria de discussão se a HM é mero fenômeno estatístico ligado à variabilidade da PA ou a entidade clínica que merece ser identificada e caracterizada, assim como seu tratamento.


ABSTRACT: Masked hypertension (MH) is characterized by the occurrence of normal arterial blood pressure (ABP) measured in a doctor’s office but persistently elevated when observed by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) or by Home Blood Pressure Measurement (HBPM). The prevalence of MH is 8 to 23%, or even higher among hypertensive individuals with controlled ABP. Masked hypertension is related to greater target organs damage and to cardiovascular events compared to normotensive individuals, with a relative risk (RR) of about 2 in the main meta-analyses. Risk factors such as age, sex, Body Mass Index, stress, smoking habit or alcohol abuse are frequently related to the presence of MH. It is still a matter of debate whether MH is simply a statistical phenomenon linked to ABP variability or is a clinical entity that should be identified and characterized, and whether it should be treated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arterial Pressure , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Home Nursing , Hypertension , Environmental Monitoring
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL